Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a type of RNA molecule that does not code for proteins, in contrast to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) which do. Despite not coding for proteins, ncRNAs play important regulatory roles in gene expression and various cellular processes. There are several classes of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), each with unique functions and mechanisms of action. Research in the field of ncRNAs has grown significantly in recent years, with studies uncovering the critical roles of these molecules in gene regulation, development, and disease. By understanding the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs, researchers have been able to identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, ncRNAs have also been explored as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Overall, the study of ncRNAs has provided valuable insights into the complexity of gene regulation and cellular processes, with important implications for both basic research and clinical applications.